Implementation einer Frühen Hilfe für sozial benachteiligte Familien : Ergebnisse des Modellprojekts Pro Kind

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Implementation von kriminalpräventiven Programmen: Stand der Forschung und Desiderate

'Das Thema Prävention genießt derzeit große gesellschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit und die Anzahl einzelner kriminalpräventiver Maßnahmen oder Programme steigt beständig. Bemängelt wird im Allgemeinen, dass Präventionsprojekte in Deutschland zu selten evaluiert werden, so dass nicht zwischen wirksamen und unwirksamen Programmen unterschieden werden kann (Rössner, Bannenberg, Sommerfeld et al., 2002). Gerade der Nachweis der Programmwirksamkeit ist von großer Bedeutung, wenn Entscheidungsträger vor der Frage stehen, welches der vielen vorliegenden Präventionsprogramme umgesetzt werden soll. Von ebenso großer Bedeutung ist in diesem Zusammenhang aber auch das Wissen über die Implementation eines Programms für die richtige Einschätzung der Programmwirksamkeit und die Übertragung auf andere soziale Kontexte. Dieser Beitrag gibt zunächst einen Überblick über den Stand der Implementationsforschung in kriminalpräventiven Programmen im Allgemeinen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden jeweils Desiderate für die Implementationsforschung abgeleitet und in einem dritten Schritt auf den speziellen Fall der Implementionsforschung zum kriminalpräventiven Modellprojektes Pro Kind übertragen.' (Autorenreferat)'Crime prevention receives a lot of attention these days and there is a growing number of crime preventive initiatives and programs. In Germany, there is still a lack of program evaluation, so that effective and non-effective programs cannot be distinguished (Rössner, Bannenberg, Sommerfeld et al., 2002). The proof of effectiveness is especially important when deciding which program to adopt. In this context, aspects of program implementation should also be considered. Knowledge about program implementation is necessary for a proper estimation of program effectiveness and can guide program refinement and dissemination as well. This paper gives an overview of the state of research in crime preventive program implementation. Against this background, further suggestions for research are derived and in a third step they are specified for implementation research in the crime preventive pilot project 'Pro Kind'.' (author's abstract)

Chapter 1.1 Pro Kind

In the following we will first locate the early help in the area child protection. Then the conceptual Background of the model project shown per child. So prevention can be effective and efficient in addition to a well-founded concept design ensure that the concept is as intended and implemented with high quality in practice. The implementation experiences, that were made as part of the model project Pro Kind, are the central theme of this book. To the structuring The following explanations are based on Results of prevention, organizational and diffusion research Core components to ensure the implementation quality as a basic framework presents.Im Folgenden wird zunächst eine Verortung der Frühen Hilfen im Bereich des Kinderschutzes vorgenommen. Anschließend werden die konzeptionellen Hintergründe des Modellprojektes Pro Kind dargestellt. Damit Prävention effektiv und effizient sein kann, muss neben einer begründeten Konzeptgestaltung sichergestellt werden, dass das Konzept auch wie intendiert und mit hoher Qualität in der Praxis umgesetzt wird. Die Umsetzungserfahrungen, die im Rahmen des Modellprojektes Pro Kind gemacht wurden, sind das zentrale Thema des vorliegenden Buches. Um die Strukturierung der nachfolgenden Ausführungen zu erleichtern, werden in Anlehnung an Ergebnisse der Präventions-, Organisations- und Diffusionsforschung die Kernkomponenten zur Sicherung der Durchführungsqualität als Grundgerüst präsentiert

The “Timur Movement” of the GDR in the mirror of Pedagogical Readings

Der vorliegende Beitrag konturiert zunächst die Herausbildung der Timurbewegung in der DDR, um dann die damit verbundenen pädagogischen und gesellschaftlichen Zielstellungen genauer zu beleuchten. Anhand der überlieferten Pädagogischen Lesungen zu diesem Thema werden Intentionen der involvierten Fachkräfte und die daraus entwickelten Methoden der angeleiteten Timurarbeit in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren im diachronen Verlauf betrachtet. Dabei wird eine sich verändernde Bezugnahme auf das legitimierende Narrativ, Gaidars Jugendroman „Timur und sein Trupp“, konturiert. Hier wird deutlich, dass die Timurarbeit mit Kindern in der DDR weniger im Dienste der praktischen Unterstützung von Bedürftigen als vielmehr zur Umsetzung von Erziehungszielen im Kontext der „Herausbildung sozialistischer Persönlichkeiten“ befördert wurde. Die Autorinnen verdeutlichen, dass sie dies nur mit starker Lenkung für realisierbar halten und deshalb zentrale im Roman geschilderte Helferformate in eigene, stark angeleitete, organisatorische Lösungen überführen. Auch dieser versuchte Spagat verhindert wohl, dass das zweifellos vorhandene Potential der literarischen Vorlage für eine hohe intrinsische Motivation der beteiligten Timurhelfer*innen wirklich zum Tragen kam. Die Timurhilfe ist und bleibt in diesen beiden Dekaden ein an Lehrkraft oder Pionierleiter*in gekoppeltes Format.This article first outlines the development of the Timur movement in the GDR and then takes a closer look at the associated pedagogical and social goals. Based on the still existing Pedagogical Readings on this topic, the intentions of the professionals involved and the methods of guided Timur work developed from them in the 1970s and 1980s are examined in diachronic progression. In doing so, a changing reference to the legitimizing narrative, Gaidar's youth novel "Timur and His Troop”, is contoured. It becomes clear that the GDR’s Timur work with children goals in the context of the "formation of socialist personalities”. It is elaborated that this is believed to be possible only with strong guidance and therefore fills central helper formats described in the novel with their own, strongly guided, organizational solutions. This attempted balancing act prevents an exploitation of the undoubted potential of the literary model for high intrinsic motivation of the Timur helpers. In these two decades, Timur assistance is and remains a format that is necessarily linked to a teacher or pioneer leader

Care-Related and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with the Antenatal Nondetection of Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Case-Control Study from Bremen, Germany

Objective. To identify care-related and maternal risk factors for the antenatal nondetection of IUGR. Methods. In this hospital-based case-control study we compared antenatally undetected IUGR neonates (cases) to detected IUGR neonates (controls). Data were collected using newborn documentation sheets and standardized personal interviews with the mothers. We calculated antenatal detection rates and used uni-and multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association of antenatal nondetection of IUGR and maternal and care-related factors. Results. A total of 161 neonates from three hospitals were included in the study. Suboptimal fetal growth was identified antenatally in = 77 pregnancies while in = 84 it was not detected antenatally (antenatal detection rate: 47.8%). Severity of IUGR, maternal complications, and a Doppler examination during the course of pregnancy were associated with IUGR detection. We did not find statistically significant differences regarding parental socioeconomic status and maternal migration background. Conclusions. In our study, about half of all pregnancies affected by suboptimal growth remained undetected. Future in-depth studies with larger study populations should further examine factors that could increase antenatal detection rates for IUGR

What contributes to the long-term implementation of an evidence-based early childhood intervention: a qualitative study from Germany

BackgroundRigorous research trials have demonstrated that early childhood interventions can reach socially disadvantaged families and can have a lasting impact on the healthy development of their children. However, little is known about the internal and contextual factors that contribute to the long-term implementation of such interventions. In this study, we investigated the development of the home visiting program Pro Kind. The program was adapted from the evidence-based US-American Nurse-Family Partnership program and was implemented in Germany in 2006. Using an exploratory approach, we examined factors contributing to the long-term implementation of this program.MethodsQualitative interviews with program implementers (midwives, social workers, program managers) of the Pro Kind program and key stakeholders in two cities in Germany were conducted. Interview guides were developed to assess participants' perceptions and experiences on how the program had developed over time internally and in the interaction with its environment. Data were collected between March and September 2021. Drawing on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), data was coded according to the principles of thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 25 individuals (11 program implementers, 14 key stakeholders) were interviewed. The identified factors related to three out of five domains of the CFIR model in our analysis. First, regarding the intervention characteristics, the evidence of effectiveness and the relative advantage of the implementation of the program compared to similar interventions were viewed as contributors to long-term implementation. However, the program's adaptability was discussed as a constraining factor for reaching the target group. Second, concerning the inner setting, stakeholders and program implementers perceived the implementation climate, the leadership engagement and the program's size as relevant factors for networking strategies and program visibility. Third, as part of the outer setting, the degree of networking with external stakeholders was highlighted of great importance for the program.ConclusionsWe identified several factors of particular importance for the long-term implementation and sustainability of an early childhood intervention at the practice level, particularly in the local context in Germany. These findings should inform the design of impactful, scalable, and sustainable early childhood interventions targeting disadvantaged families

No "Teaching to the test"?: the relevance of the written Abitur examinations as reflected in the Pedagogical Readings of the GDR

Der hier vorgelegte Beitrag befragt die Pädagogischen Lesungen über die Abiturstufe darauf, inwiefern sie die schriftlichen Abiturprüfungen im Fach Deutsch thematisieren und zu welchen Unterrichts- und Erziehungszielen sowie bildungspolitischen Vorgaben diese Thematisierungen in Bezug gesetzt werden. Es wird untersucht, inwiefern die Autor*innen eine gezielte Prüfungsvorbereitung thematisieren, ob Aussagen zum Stellenwert dieser Examina getroffen werden und inwieweit sich hier auch Gestaltungsspiel- und Ermessensräume einzelner Schulen oder gar Lehrkräfte erkennen lassen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die schriftlichen Abituraufsätze vergleichsweise selten explizites Thema sind. Wo dies geschieht, rekurriert man auf die Prüfungsergebnisse als Indikatoren für erfolgreiche oder verbesserungsbedürftige Vermittlung fachlicher Inhalte, aber auch hinsichtlich der Erreichung ideologischer und pädagogischer Zielsetzung in der Abiturstufenzeit. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Frage, wo sich Unterrichtsarbeit so verbessern lässt, dass sie eine bestmögliche Vorbereitung auf ein Hochschulstudium gewährleistet, zur politischideologischen Erziehung der Lernenden beiträgt oder bei den Schüler*innen Grundlagen für eine lebenslange Beschäftigung mit Literatur legt.This article examines the Pedagogical Readings on the Abitur level in terms of the extent to which they address the written Abitur examinations in German and to which teaching and educational goals as well as educational policy guidelines these topics are related. The study examines the extent to which the authors address the issue of targeted examination preparation, whether statements are made about the significance of these examinations, and to what extent individual schools or even teachers can be seen to have room for maneuver and discretion. It becomes clear that the written Abitur essays are comparatively rarely an explicit topic. Where this happens, one recurs to the examination results as indicators of successful or needy improvement in the teaching of subject content, but also with regard to the achievement of ideological and pedagogical objectives in the Abitur period. The central question is where teaching could be improved to ensure the best possible preparation for university studies, to contribute to the political-ideological education of students, or to lay the foundations for a lifelong engagement with literature

Comparative analysis of Neph gene expression in mouse and chicken development

Neph proteins are evolutionarily conserved members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion proteins and regulate morphogenesis and patterning of different tissues. They share a common protein structure consisting of extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane region, and a carboxyl terminal cytoplasmic tail required for signaling. Neph orthologs have been widely characterized in invertebrates where they mediate such diverse processes as neural development, synaptogenesis, or myoblast fusion. Vertebrate Neph proteins have been described first at the glomerular filtration barrier of the kidney. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence suggesting a function of Neph proteins also outside the kidney. Here we demonstrate that Neph1, Neph2, and Neph3 are expressed differentially in various tissues during ontogenesis in mouse and chicken. Neph1 and Neph2 were found to be amply expressed in the central nervous system while Neph3 expression remained localized to the cerebellum anlage and the spinal cord. Outside the nervous system, Neph mRNAs were also differentially expressed in branchial arches, somites, heart, lung bud, and apical ectodermal ridge. Our findings support the concept that vertebrate Neph proteins, similarly to their Drosophila and C. elegans orthologs, provide guidance cues for cell recognition and tissue patterning in various organs which may open interesting perspectives for future research on Neph1-3 controlled morphogenesis